A retaining wall is an effective way to prevent soil erosion, make slopes more usable for landscaping and gardening, or even create a dramatic outdoor space. However, retaining walls aren’t always easy to build and there is a lot that can go wrong. The best retaining walls are well-designed by professionals who consider the local terrain, climate, and soil conditions. Retaining walls that are poorly built or neglected can suffer from many problems including collapse, shifting and cracking. These problems can be caused by a variety of factors including poor drainage, hydrostatic pressure, water build-up and soil erosion.
A mechanically stabilized earth MSE retaining wall is constructed on-site using layers of soil and a reinforcement material. These layers are anchored to the concrete-facing panel of the wall, which comes in a variety of shapes and finishes to provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance. These types of Retaining walls are commonly used in hillside applications due to their high stability and cost effectiveness.
Block, poured concrete and wood retaining walls are other popular options for homeowners and landscapers to choose from. Each type of retaining wall has its own advantages and disadvantages, but all are designed to meet specific needs. For example, wood retaining walls are inexpensive and can be made to fit a wide range of design styles, but they aren’t as strong as poured concrete or stone.
Concrete blocks are another option and are more affordable than poured concrete but not as strong as natural stone or wood. However, they can be used to construct a variety of shapes and can be colored or stained for an aesthetically appealing look. Concrete retaining walls can also be reinforced with steel or other materials to increase their strength.
Poured concrete retaining walls are a little more expensive than blocks but offer more design flexibility and can be constructed to higher heights. This type of retaining wall is more difficult to build correctly than other types, but a skilled mason or contractor can create a beautiful and durable structure.
Regardless of the material chosen, all retaining walls require proper drainage to prevent damage and to keep the surrounding soil healthy. Without adequate drainage, moisture gathers behind the retaining wall and can put too much pressure on it, eventually leading to collapse. Drainage can be improved by installing French drains, gutters and runoff areas to allow water to flow away from the retaining wall and into soil that is properly drained.
Hydrostatic pressure is the main cause of retaining wall failure and it can come from a variety of sources. Over time, the soil at the base of the wall can erode, which can push against the wall and lead to cracking or even collapse. To minimize this, it is recommended that you use plantings in the areas of your retaining wall to hold the soil in place, which will also reduce erosion and help maintain the overall health of the area.
A retaining wall should be inspected on a regular basis to ensure it is in good shape and to detect any potential problems before they become serious. A yearly inspection is a great way to avoid expensive repairs down the road and it will also ensure that your retaining wall continues to serve its purpose.